2024年北京外国语大学MTI翻译硕士真题（回忆版）
211科目 翻译硕士英语
1.一篇阅读选择；5X4
2.六句划线EC
Prior to Edison, says the Virginia Tech historian A Roger Ekirch, sleep had been divided into two distinct segments,separated by a period of night-waking that lasted between one and several hours. The pattern was called segmented sleep.
Sleep patterns of the past might surprise us today. While we might think that our circadian rhythm should wake us only as the sun rises, many animals and insects do not sleep in one uninterrupted block but in chunks of several hours at a time or in two distinct segments. Ekirch believes that humans, left to sleep naturally, would not sleep in a consolidated block either.
His arguments are based on 16 years of research during which he studied hundreds of historical documents from ancient to modern times, including diaries, court records, medical books and literature. He identified countless references to ‘first' and ‘second’sleeps in English. Other languages also describe this pattern, for example, premier sommei/ in French, primo sonno in Italian and primo somng in Latin. It was the ordinariness of the allusions to segmented sleeping that led Ekirch to conclude this pattern was once common, an everyday cycle of sleeping and waking.
Before electric lighting, night was associated with crime and fear -people stayed inside and went early to bed. The time of their first sleep varied with season and social class, but usually commenced a couple of hours after dusk and lasted for three or four hours until, in the middle of the night, people naturally woke up. Prior to electric lighting, wealthier households often had other forms of artificial light - for instance, gas lamps - and in turn went to bed later. Interestingly, Ekitch found less reference to segmented sleep in personal papers from such households.
3.英译汉（5×3)
For those who indulged, however, night-waking was used for activities such as reading, praying and writing, untangling dreams, talking to sleeping partners or making love. As Ekirgh points out, after a hard day of labouring, people were often too tired for amorous activities at ‘first’ bedtime (which might strike a chord with many busy people today) but, when they woke in the night, our ancestors were refreshed and ready for action. After various nocturnal activities, people became drowsy again and slipped into their second sleep cycle (also for three or four hours) before rising to a new day. We too can imagine, for example, going to bed at 9pm on a winter night, waking at midnight, reading and chatting until around 2am, then sleeping again until 6am.
Ekitch found that references to these two sleeps had all but disappeared by the early20th century. Electricity greatly extended light exposure, and daytime activities stretched into night; illuminated streets were safer and it became fashionable to be out socialising. Bedtimes got later and night-waking, incompatible with an extended day, was squeezed out. Ekirch believes that we lost not only night-waking, but its special qualities, too.
Night-waking, he told me, was different in nature from waking during the day, at least according to the documents he found. The third US president Thomas Jefferson, for example, read books on moral philosophy before bed so that he could ‘ruminate’ over them between his two sleeps. The 17th-century English poet Francis Quarles rated darkness alongside silence as an aid to internal reflection.
4.汉译英
过去几十年，西方国家一直把中国视作改革开放的“模范生”、发展中国家的“好榜样”。中国的合作伙伴遍天下。中国是全球投资的热土，外国人蜂拥而至。中国的投资并购受到世界上的广泛欢迎。中国向外国大把地买买买，外国向中国使劲地卖卖卖。但在今天的地缘政治环境中，这些盛况已成过去。
西方国家出于地缘战略竞争的考虑，把中国这个昔日的合作伙伴标定为了战略竞争对手，不断予以打压和遏制。对中国的贸易加征不合理关税，设置各种有形和无形壁垒，动不动就搞反倾销、反补贴调查，限制关键核心技术向中国出口。西方国家对中国的投资大幅减少，把中国的企业一批挨着一批列入制裁名单。
5. 一篇CE摘要
老中铁路帮助我实现梦想和追求”——一名老挝青年与老中铁路的故事
共建“一带一路”倡议提出十年间，中老铁路跨越山河，实现老挝从“陆锁国”变为“陆联国”，同时带动许多老挝青年踏上梦想的人生舞台。
“老中铁路帮助我实现了梦想和追求。”24岁的凯发是老中铁路有限公司琅勃拉邦维保管理中心的调度值班员。他家在偏远的沙耶武里省，那里与泰国仅隔一条小河。凯发的很多伙伴中学毕业后就去泰国打工。但是凯发不想去泰国，因为他有着不同的梦想。
“十年前，有不少中国公司到老挝来建设大工程，那时候我就想跟着中国公司学技术，”凯发说，“而到老中铁路工作，是我在学生时代就有的目标。”
2016年12月，中老铁路全面开工建设。2017年，凯发考上苏发努冯大学，这所大学坐落在中老铁路经过的老挝北部古城琅勃拉邦。看着学校外来来往往的建设者，凯发当时就攒着一股劲儿。“当有机会去中国留学时，我毫不犹疑地报了名，并选择了铁路工程专业。我一直就对工程专业着迷，但是在老挝很少有这个我们急需的专业的毕业生。”
2018年，凯发到上海应用技术大学留学。梦想启动了，凯发不敢松懈。“刚到中国学习时，眼看着知识就在眼前，但令人着急的是，我的中文底子太差。所以留学的第一年我决定，假期留在中国、不回老挝，一定要全力以赴先把中文学好。”
一个个日日夜夜的努力没有被辜负，凯发顺利通过了语言关，最终学有所成，2021年回到老挝应聘到中老铁路工作。凯发说：“那时候学的知识现在实际工作中都用得上。"
“我的工作有点难。”凯发说，书本知识和实际工作仍有距离，不过他会尽力向中国同事学习。“他们总能找到让我能懂易会的方式教我，我也像对待师傅一样尊重每一位中国同事。”凯发2022年顺利转正定职，并因为工作能力突出被提拔为工班长。
“我为自己到铁路上实现目标而自豪，我的家人也为我有机会参与这么大的工程而骄傲，”凯发说，“老中铁路让老挝百姓旅行更舒适。当我看见村民们坐上便捷的火车，我更觉得幸福、自豪。我们能看到，火车站周边发展起来了，不少人在那里有了新的生计。”
梦想没有止境，凯发有一个终极梦想：“我和我的同学有一个共同的目标，我们要尽可能多地学习技术知识，直到成为铁路专家，把老中铁路维护好、运营好！”
