第一段
①A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners.②Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and then go home.③Between 1908 and 1915,about 7million people arrived while about 2 million departed.④About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good.⑤They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.
单词&词组
immigrant n. 移民，外侨
sojourner n. 旅居者；逗留者
depart v. 离开；出发， 起程
affectionate a. 深情的；充满深情的
nickname n. （尤指给朋友或家人取的）绰号，昵称
look to do sth. 寻找做某事的机会
make a permanent home 建立永久家园，长留某地
make money 赚钱
a quarter of 四分之一
for good 永远地，永久地；一劳永逸地
birds of passage 候鸟，漂泊的人
本段翻译
一个世纪前，横跨大西洋来到美国的移民中既有定居者，也有旅居客。许多人希望在美国建立永久家园，但也有人无意长留于此，打算赚些钱后便回返家乡。1908到1915年间，约有700万人抵达美国，而离开的大约有200万人。例如，约有四分之一的意大利移民最终永久返回了意大利。他们甚至有个亲切的昵称uccelli di passaggio， “候鸟”。
第二段
①Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants.②We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad.③We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens to be kicked out.④That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it.⑤We don't need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories.⑥We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal.⑦To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas.⑧We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.
单词&词组
rigid a. 严格的；僵硬的，死板的
brand v. 打烙印于……；印商标于……
alien n. 外国人
framework n. 框架，骨架；体系、体制
mightily ad. 很，非常
paralysis n. 麻痹；无力；停顿；（活动、工作的能力）完全丧失，瘫痪
thrive v. 兴旺发达，繁荣，蓬勃发展
divide... into two categories 将……分为两类
hail... as... 将……誉为
in the making 在酝酿中的，在形成中的
kick out 踢出
gray area 灰色区域，中间区域（指不明朗的情况）
本段翻译
今天，我们对移民严格了许多。我们将新来者分为两类：合法或非法，好或坏。我们或将其誉为“缔造中的美国人”，或将其归于“需要驱逐的异族”。这一思维构架在很大程度上导致了我们的移民体系漏洞百出，也致使政府对“如何修复这一体系”处于长期瘫痪状态。我们无需更多类别，但需要改变对类别的思考方式。我们需要超越对“合法”和“非法”的严格定义。首先，我们可以认可那些“新候鸟”，那些于灰色地带生活并繁荣发展的人。之后，我们才有可能着手解决在移民方面面临的挑战。
driven by 由……驱动
prefer to 喜欢……，愿意……
manage to... 设法做到
第三段
①Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage.②They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas.③They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. ④They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.
单词&词组
violinist n. 小提琴手
entrepreneur n. 企业家；承包人
aide n. 助手，助理
participant n. 参与者
本段翻译
如今的“候鸟”中，有农作物收割工小提琴手、建筑工人、企业家、工程师、家庭医疗保健助手以及物理学家等。受工作、资金以及观念流动的驱使，他们成为全球经济的积极参与者。他们愿意跟随机会的召唤或来或走。他们可以设法在一个地方工作，在另一个地方安家。
第四段
①With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease.②We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever.③We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.
单词&词组
with or without permission 不管有没有得到许可
straddle v. 跨立于；跨越
jurisdiction n. 管辖范围
identity n. 身份
commit v. 承诺，保证（做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等）
with ease 轻而易举地
imagine... as... 将……想象为
for a while 暂时，一会儿
belong to 属于
本段翻译
不管有无许可，他们都能轻松跨越法律、管辖区域以及身份。我们需要他们将美国视作一个能让他们有所成就而无需承诺永久居住的地方。我们需要他们感觉到既可以在美国安家、也可以在祖国安家，他们可以体面地属于两个国家。
第五段
①Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle.②Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes, including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.
单词&词组
accommodate v. 为（某人）提供住宿（或膳宿、座位等），容纳
in motion 在运动中的
both sides of the battle 争论双方
culture war 文化战争
middle ground 中间立场，中间地带
accomplish v. 完成；实现；达到
本段翻译
认可这样一个流动人员的新世界，需要“移民之争”双方都有新的态度。超越这种非对即错文化战争的逻辑，意味着要打开中间地带，并知晓当今的移民管理需要多种途径及多样结果，包括一些现有制度下通过法律难以达成的途径和结果。
五道题
26. “Birds of passage” refers to those who________.
[A] immigrate across the Atlantic
[B] leave their home countries for good
[C] stay in a foreign temporarily
[D] find permanent jobs overseas
27. It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US________.
[A] needs new immigrant categories
[B] has loosened control over immigrants
[C] should be adopted to meet challenges
[D] has been fixed via political means
28. According to the author, today's birds of passage want________.
[A] financial incentives
[B] a global recognition
[C] opportunities to get regular jobs
[D] the freedom to stay and leave
29. The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated ________.
[A] as faithful partners
[B] with economic favors
[C] with legal tolerance
[D] as mighty rivals
30. The most appropriate title for this text would be ________.
[A] Come and go: big mistake
[B] Living and thriving: great risk
[C] With or without: great risk
[D] Legal or illegal: big mistake
参考答案
ACCBD
答案解析
26、Birds of passage首次出现在第一段末句， 与该句主语they同指。再由上一句可知，they指代“回国定居的意大利移民。继续回顾上文可发现， 作者提到意大利移民， 是为了例证当时有不少人选择离开美国回国定居。因此， birds of passage指以这些意大利移民为代表的那些无意定居国外的人，[A]正确。
27、根据题干直接定位到第二段。段中作者首先指出，美国现行移民政策过于严格，将所有移民分为“合法”和“非法”，且只欢迎前者，却驱赶后者。随后指出：我们需要超越“合法”与“非法”的严格定义，承认生活在灰色地带的候鸟，这样才能应对移民方面的挑战。另外，从关于美国现行移民政策描述所用贬义词语rigid， broken及paralysis也能判断出作者对其批评态度。[C] 选项符合作者观点。
28、从题干可知， 本题考查“现今候鸟的需求(today's birds of passage want) ”， 因此可定位至第三段第三句they prefer...。该句指出， 候鸟们希望随机会的召唤而或来或走， [C] 选项符合此意。
29、从题干可知，本题考查作者对“应如何对待现今的候鸟”的看法。关于这一问题，作者在第二段就指出，不应严格将所有移民分为合法和非法，而是要承认处在灰色地带的候鸟。第四段又指出，我们需要让新候鸟将美国视为“暂时施展自己才能”的地方，无需让其承诺在此度过终生；让他们感到可以体面地属于两个国家。末段又进一步说明：我们要超越非对即错的文化战逻辑，打开中间地带，以多种途径管理移民并允许多种结果的存在，包括现有体制内难以通过法律达成的一些途径和结果。可见，[B]选项符合文意。
30、第一段为引子，第二段集中展现作者观点：美国现行移民政策将所有移民严格分为“合法”或“非法”，导致移民体系漏洞百出，导致就“如何将其修复”形成的长期政治瘫痪。故我们应突破这一看法，承认那些处在灰色地带的候鸟(来美工作，但无意永久居留的移民)。第三至五段全面论证作者观点。故本文主旨为将移民严格分为“合法”或“非法”非常错误，应予以调整。[D]正确。
