第一段
①Last year marked the third year in a row of when Indonesia’s bleak rate of deforestation has slowed in pace.②One reason for the turnaround may be the country’s antipoverty program.
单词&词组
mark v.标志……的发生
in a row连续
bleak a.不乐观的；无望的；暗淡的
deforestation n.毁林；滥伐森林
turnaround n.好转；转机
本段翻译
去年是印度尼西亚不容乐观的森林砍伐率连续放缓的第三年。这一好转出现的原因之一可能是该国实施的反贫困计划。
第二段
①In 2007,Indonesia started phasing in a program that gives money to its poorest residents under certain conditions, such as requiring people to keep kids in school or get regular medical care.②Called conditional cash transfers or CCTs, these social assistance programs are designed to reduce inequality and break the cycle of poverty.③They’re already used in dozens of countries worldwide.④In Indonesia, the program has provided enough food and medicine to substantially reduce severe growth problems among children.
单词&词组
under...conditions 在……境况或条件下
regular a.常规的；定期的
conditional a.附带条件的
assistance n.帮助；援助；支持
dozens of 几十；许多
substantially ad.非常；大大地
本段翻译
2007年，印度尼西亚开始逐步实施一项重大计划：在特定条件下向最贫困的居民提供资金，比如要求人们让孩子接受教育或接受常规医疗保健。这类被称为有条件现金转移(CCTs) 的社会援助计划旨在减少不平等，打破贫困的恶性循环。它们已经在全世界几十个国家得到应用。在印度尼西亚，这一扶贫计划提供了充足的食物和药品，大大减少了儿童严重发育问题的出现。
第三段
①But CCT programs don’t generally consider effects on the environment.②In fact, poverty alleviation and environmental protection are often viewed as conflicting goals, says Paul Ferraro, an economist at Johns Hopkins University.
单词&词组
in fact事实上；确切地说
conflicting a.冲突的；矛盾的
本段翻译
但CCT计划一般不考虑对环境的影响。事实上，扶贫和环保常常被视为两个相互矛盾的目标，约翰斯·霍普金斯大学经济学家保罗·费拉罗表示。
第四段
①That’s because economic growth can be correlated with environmental degradation, while protecting the environment is sometimes correlated with greater poverty.②However, those correlations don’t prove cause and effect.③The only previous study analyzing causality, based on an area in Mexico that had instituted CCTs, supported the traditional view.④There, as people got more money, some of them may have more cleared land for cattle to raise for meat, Ferraro says.
单词&词组
correlate v.相互关联；相互依赖
degradation n.毁坏，恶化（过程）
cause and efect因果关系
causality n.因果关系；因果性
institute v.实行
本段翻译
这是因为经济增长可能与环境恶化相关，而环境保护有时与贫困恶化相关。然而，这些相关性并不能证明(它们)存在因果关系。此前唯一一项分析经济与环境间因果关系的研究(基于墨西哥一个实施CCT计划的地区) 证实了传统看法。在那里，当人们拿到的钱越多时，他们中有些人就有可能伐木垦出更多的土地来饲养肉牛，费拉罗指出。
第五段
①Such programs do not have to negatively affect the environment, though.②Ferraro wanted to see if Indonesia’s poverty-alleviation program was affecting deforestation.③Indonesia has the third-largest area of tropical forest in the world and one of the highest deforestation rates.
单词&词组
have to 必须；不得不
negatively ad.有害地；负面地
tropical a.热带的
本段翻译
不过，这类扶贫计划不一定会对环境产生负面影响。费拉罗想了解印度尼西亚的扶贫计划是否会影响森林砍伐。印度尼西亚拥有世界第三大热带森林面积，也是森林砍伐率最高的国家之一。
第六段
①Ferraro analyzed satellite data showing annual forest loss from 2008 to 2012—including during Indonesia’s phase-in of the antipoverty program—in 7,468 forested villages across 15 provinces .② “we see that theprogram is associated with a 30 percent reduction in deforestation,” Ferraro says.
单词&词组
annual a.每年的；年度的
forested a.满是森林的；林木覆盖的
associated a.有关联的；相关的
本段翻译
费拉罗分析了显示2008年至2012年(含印度尼西亚分阶段实施反贫困计划期间)15个省、7468个林村的年度林木减少情况的卫星数据。费拉罗指出，“我们发现，这个反贫困计划与森林砍伐降低30%有关。”
第七段
①That’s likely because the rural poor are using the money as makeshift insurance policies against inclement weather, Ferraro says.②Typically, if rains are delayed, people may clear land to plant more rice to supplement their harvests.
单词&词组
makeshift a.临时替代的；权宜的
insurance policies against sth 防备不测的保障措施，安全保证
clear v.清理；给……排除障碍；开辟
supplement v.增补；补充
本段翻译
费拉罗表示，这很可能是因为农村贫困人口将这笔钱用作应对恶劣天气的权宜之计。通常情况下，如果雨季推迟，人们可能会伐木垦地种植更多水稻以补充收成。
第八段
①Whether this research translates elsewhere is anybody’s guess.②Ferraro suggests the results may transfer to other of Asia, due to commonalities such as the importance of growing rice and market access.③And regardless of transferability, the study shows that what’s good for people may also be good for the environment.④Even if this program didn’t reduce poverty, Ferraro says, “the value of the avoided deforestation just for carbon dioxide emissions alone is more than the program costs.”
单词&词组
translate v.（使）适应不同情况；转化
anybody's guess谁也拿不准的事
access n.进入权；使用权；接触的机会
regardless of不管；不顾；不理会
transferability n.可转移性
本段翻译
这项研究是否适用于其他地区还不得而知。费拉罗认为，这些研究结果也许适用于亚洲其他地区，因为这些区域在水稻种植的重要性以及市场准入等方面跟印度尼西亚共通。而且，不管研究结果共通与否，这项研究表明了对人们有益的东西也可以对环境有益。费拉罗指出，即使这个反贫困计划未能减轻贫困，“由此避免的森林砍伐具有二氧化碳吸储价值，仅是这一方面的价值就超越了该反贫困计划的成本。”
五道题
26.According to the first two paragraphs, CCT programs aim to_______
A.facilitate health care reform
B. help poor families get better off
C.improve local education systems
D.lower deforestation rates
27.The study based on an area in Mexico is cited to show that_______
A.cattle rearing has been a major means of livelihood for the pool
B.CCT programs have helped preserve traditional lifestyles
C.antipoverty efforts require the participation of local farmers
D. economic growth tends to causeenvironmental degradation
28.In his study about Indonesia, Ferraro intends to find out_______
A.its acceptance level of CCTs
B.its annual rate of poverty alleviation
C. the relation of CCTs to its forestloss
D.the role of its forests in climate change
29.According to Ferraro, the CCT program in Indonesia is most valuable inthat_______
A.it will benefit other Asian countries
B.it will reduce regional inequality
C. it can protect the environment
D.it can boost grain production
30.What is the text centered on?
A. The effects of a program.
B.The debates over a program.
C.The process of a study.
D. The transferability of a study.
参考答案
BDCCA
答案解析
26、根据CCT定位至第二段。②句指出， 被称作“有条件现金转移(CCTs) ”的这类社会援助计划旨在减少不平等， 打破贫困的恶性循环， 故CCT计划旨在帮助贫困家庭改善经济状况， [B] 正确。
27、第四段③句指出一项基于墨西哥某地的研究证实了传统看法(the traditional view) ， 所以应追溯上文明确“传统看法”的具体所指， 而由上文第三段②句often viewed as和第四段①句That's because可知传统看法为“扶贫与环保相矛盾， 经济增长与环境恶化成正相关”， 故[D] 符合此意。
28、第五段②句引出费拉罗的研究：他想了解印度尼西亚的扶贫计划(即上文的CCT计划)是否影响森林砍伐。第六段①句指出其研究方法(根据卫星数据分析了该国七千多个林村的年度林木减少情况) 及研究发现(扶贫计划与森林砍伐的变化有关) 。综合可知， 此项研究意在探究CCT计划与森林减少的关联，[C]正确。
29、文末句引述了费拉罗对CCT计划价值的看法：该计划即使没有减贫效果， 也有利于减少森林砍伐，而减少森林砍伐有利于应对二氧化碳排放问题，单就这一方面的价值就超越了该扶贫计划的成本。由此可知， 费拉罗认为CCT计划有巨大环保价值(即可以通过减少森林砍伐缓解气候变化) ，[C]正确。
30、本文首段先点明全文主旨(印尼的一项扶贫计划有助于减少森林砍伐，即有环保作用)，随后第二段详述印尼实施的扶贫计划(即CCT计划) ， 第三、四段转而阐述“扶贫可能与环保相矛盾”这一传统看法；第五至末段围绕Ferraro的研究展开论述， 指出印尼的扶贫计划实际上有环保作用(呼应开篇主旨) 。综合可知， 本文意在论述一项扶贫计划(CCT计划) 所带来的环保效果， [A] 最贴合此意。
